{"id":7517,"date":"2026-08-08T21:59:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T15:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7517"},"modified":"2026-08-08T22:27:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T16:27:20","slug":"%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b7%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%97%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7517","title":{"rendered":"\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (E. coli) \u09b0\u09cb\u0997: \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0964\u0964"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8<\/mark>\u0964<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (E. coli) \u09b0\u09cb\u0997: \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0964\u0964<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\" src=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/58888-1024x719.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7520\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4242195095603327;width:229px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/58888-1024x719.gif 1024w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/58888-300x211.gif 300w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/58888-768x540.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <strong>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (Colibacillosis)<\/strong> \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 <strong>Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)<\/strong> \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 strain \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7; \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 strain \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 septicemia, airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis\u09b8\u09b9 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 systemic disease \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0993 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 colibacillosis \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7 E. coli \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 <strong>\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>\u2014\u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7. \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0995\u09c0? \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0995\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (Colibacillosis)<\/strong> \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 strain\u2014\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0964 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 strain \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 strain, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u0993 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 <strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>systemic bacterial infection<\/strong>-\u098f \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 Mycoplasma, Infectious Bronchitis \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0, \u09b2\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0, \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u2014\u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u0987 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8, E. coli strain-\u098f\u09b0 virulence, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u0989\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf, \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8, \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, ventilation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Airsacculitis:<\/strong> Air sac \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09a5\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9; \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09a5\u09b2\u09bf \u0998\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pericarditis:<\/strong> \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9 \u0993 fibrin \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perihepatitis:<\/strong> \u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be\/\u09b9\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7 fibrinous layer \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Septicemia:<\/strong> E. coli \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7; \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Omphalitis\/Yolk-sac infection:<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf \u0993 yolk sac-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3; chick mortality-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cellulitis:<\/strong> \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3, \u09af\u09be processing-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc carcass condemnation-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Salpingitis:<\/strong> \u09b2\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3; \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Peritonitis:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09b9\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9; laying hen-\u098f \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Swollen Head Syndrome:<\/strong> \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 secondary involvement \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 postmortem \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014Airsacculitis + Pericarditis + Perihepatitis\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf lesion \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 systemic colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture, E. coli identification \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; <strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4, \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 yolk sac \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 bacterial disease complex\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e8. \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf <strong>E. coli \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0993 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u2014\u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u09a8\u09be<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b6\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7 \u09a2\u09cb\u0995\u09be, \u099b\u09be\u09a6 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u099a\u09c1\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be, \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0982\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa \u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09be, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 <strong>stocking density<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099c\u09ae\u09c7 microbial load \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 E. coli-\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0993 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af secondary infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u2014\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>relative humidity<\/strong> \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8, \u09ae\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u099f\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 microclimate \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be; \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ventilation \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u2014\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>ammonia (NH\u2083)<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u0995\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099a\u09cb\u0996, \u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u0993 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 mucous membrane-\u098f irritation \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 respiratory tract-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be <strong>E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb opportunistic pathogen<\/strong> \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 air sac \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis \u0993 septicemia<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 Biofilm<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09be surface runoff \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>fecal \u0993 bacterial contamination<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>biofilm<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 water line \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 sanitise \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 Ventilation\u2014\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u099f\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09b6\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u099f\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, ammonia, carbon dioxide, \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/strong> \u099c\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc <strong>fresh-air exchange<\/strong> \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 E. coli-\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ac\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 stress-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf flock-\u098f <strong>Mycoplasma\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory infection<\/strong> \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stress \u0993 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6, \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af-\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u2014\u09b8\u09ac \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 <strong>physiological stress<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 stress \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0993 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u2192 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u2192 microbial load \u0993 ammonia \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u2192 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u2192 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\/\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 E. coli exposure + \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory disease + stress \u2192 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation, \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 stocking density \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 biosecurity \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09e9. \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 <strong>Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 E. coli \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>secondary \u09ac\u09be opportunistic pathogen<\/strong> \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 stress \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u2014E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mycoplasma gallisepticum\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Newcastle Disease (ND)<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory infection \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 mucosa \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 respiratory tract-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>mucociliary clearance<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 air sac-\u098f \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>airsacculitis \u2192 pericarditis \u2192 perihepatitis \u2192 septicemia<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 E. coli \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, flock-\u098f \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb underlying respiratory disease \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0993 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 decomposition \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 microbial load \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ammonia \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a ammonia-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u0993 respiratory mucosa \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 <strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be Colibacillosis \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 Ventilation<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 poultry house-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, ammonia, carbon dioxide, \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0993 airborne microorganisms<\/strong> \u099c\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09a0\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09a1 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 ventilation \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Overcrowding \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7, \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 drinker \u0993 feeder-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 reservoir \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>\u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6<\/strong>\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8, \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa \u09ac\u09be drinker \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 feed \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 feeder-\u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, <strong>storage tank \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb water system-\u098f\u09b0 hygiene<\/strong> \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crate, feeder, drinker, egg tray, catching equipment, transport cage \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u09c7\u09a1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5 cleaning \u0993 disinfection \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0995\u0987 equipment \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 flock \u09ac\u09be shed-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7, \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u0993 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0 <strong>\u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be, \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995, \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae<\/strong> \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0998\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af farm-specific footwear, \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995, \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 biosecurity \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rodent, wild bird \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0987\u0981\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0, \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf, \u09ae\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af pest \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 mechanically E. coli \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 feed storage \u0993 poultry house-\u098f rodents \u0993 wild birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 biosecurity \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 Stress<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0997\u09b0\u09ae-\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8, vaccination stress, debeaking, feed \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a4\u09bf, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 stocking density \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 environmental stress \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0993 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 shell fecal contamination, breeder\/hatchery hygiene-\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a4\u09bf, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 incubator \u09ac\u09be hatcher \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 contamination \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ab\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>omphalitis \u09ac\u09be yolk-sac infection<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 chick mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pathogenic E. coli + \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf + \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be + \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\/\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af + \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 ventilation + overcrowding + \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity + stress = Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 E. coli \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 <strong>\u201c\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac?\u201d<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0996\u09cb\u0981\u099c\u09be \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 <strong>E. coli \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u099b\u09c7, \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u099a\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09bf\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ea. \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis<\/strong> \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0964 <strong>E. coli \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 <strong>Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 E. coli \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial contamination \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09b2, \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be drinker, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be water line-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>biofilm<\/strong> \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 E. coli \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 tank, pipeline \u0993 drinker \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0993 Feeder-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf feed-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 feeder \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u0981\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0, \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u099b\u09bf feed storage \u09ac\u09be feeder-\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 contamination-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 systemic colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>respiratory route \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7 E. coli \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be aerosol \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be respiratory tract-\u098f \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Mycoplasma\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a ammonia \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf<\/strong> \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 air sac-\u098f \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7 <strong>airsacculitis<\/strong> \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>septicemia<\/strong> \u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 pericarditis \u0993 perihepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb lesion \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Equipment \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feeder, drinker, crate, egg tray, catching equipment, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 shed \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af shed-\u098f \u09a8\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 mechanically \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u0993 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0 <strong>\u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be, \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995, \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae<\/strong> \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af flock-\u098f E. coli \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0987\u0981\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0, \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodent, wild bird, \u09ae\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af pest \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 rodent \u0993 pest control-\u0993 Colibacillosis \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0993 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Breeder \u0993 hatchery \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 E. coli \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 nest-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 <strong>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 shell \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 egg tray, incubator, hatcher \u0993 hatchery environment contamination-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 embryo mortality, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 chick \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ab\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>omphalitis \u09ac\u09be yolk-sac infection<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be, \u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\/\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2 \u2192 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3 \u2192 \u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\/aerosol, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af, equipment \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 exposure \u2192 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\/\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u2192 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 systemic infection \u2192 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>E. coli \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 transmission cycle \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 water line, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 ventilation, equipment disinfection, rodent control, hatchery hygiene \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 biosecurity \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be<\/strong>\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 strain \u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09be virulent, \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 Mycoplasma\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u2014\u098f\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 <strong>\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09a4\u09be \u0993 growth \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc; \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 respiratory \u09ac\u09be systemic infection \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09ac\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u0993 \u099d\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09ac\u09cb\u099c\u09be \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a6\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flock-\u098f\u09b0 uniformity \u09a8\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0993 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 market weight \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be-\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. coli \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 respiratory infection \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb respiratory sign<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u09ab\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 <strong>airsacculitis<\/strong> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 respiratory distress \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Septicemia \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 E. coli \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>septicemia<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7, \u0996\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Postmortem \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 airsacculitis, pericarditis \u0993 perihepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb characteristic lesion \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis-\u098f \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09b2<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 E. coli \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 Coccidiosis, Salmonellosis, feed-related disorder \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af enteric disease-\u098f\u0993 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b2\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Layer \u0993 breeder flock-\u098f E. coli \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>salpingitis, oophoritis \u09ac\u09be peritonitis<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09be \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c0\u09b9\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>egg production persistency \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flock mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Salpingitis \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 contamination-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 <strong>omphalitis\/yolk-sac infection<\/strong> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ab\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09b0\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yolk sac \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb absorb \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0993 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7 chick mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf flock-\u098f \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce <strong>feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be + growth \u0995\u09ae\u09be + respiratory sound + \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf + mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, <strong>\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> Mycoplasmosis\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease, Salmonellosis, Fowl Cholera \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Clinical signs \u2192 Postmortem findings \u2192 Laboratory diagnosis \u2192 Bacterial culture \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u2192 Targeted treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0997\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 mortality \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 E. coli \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 laboratory diagnosis \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 <strong>antimicrobial resistance (AMR)<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ec. \u09aa\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 postmortem findings \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Airsacculitis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air sac \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 caseous\/fibrinous material \u099c\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pericarditis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 fibrin \u099c\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perihepatitis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b2\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 fibrinous \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Septicemia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0998\u099f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf lesion \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Airsacculitis + Pericarditis + Perihepatitis<\/strong> \u2014\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 postmortem \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 laboratory confirmation \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ed. \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc: \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/strong>, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09a4\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac, \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 <strong>CRD\/Mycoplasmosis, Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Newcastle Disease (ND), Fowl Cholera, Salmonellosis<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory \u09ac\u09be systemic disease-\u098f\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb, \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 E. coli \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>secondary infection<\/strong> \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, flock-\u098f \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 Mycoplasma \u09ac\u09be viral respiratory disease \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 secondary bacterial infection\u2014\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7. \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0993 Clinical signs \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u0993 \u099c\u09be\u09a4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u099a\u09b2\u099b\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 mortality \u0995\u09a4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0993 water intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>respiratory signs \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf vaccination \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, ammonia \u09ac\u09be ventilation-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0993 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e8. Postmortem examination<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 representative \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 postmortem \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 lesion \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0996\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Airsacculitis:<\/strong> air sac \u0998\u09cb\u09b2\u09be, \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 fibrinous\/caseous material \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pericarditis:<\/strong> \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 fibrinous \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7-\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099c\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Perihepatitis:<\/strong> \u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 fibrinous layer \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Septicemia:<\/strong> \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 systemic infection-\u098f \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 congestion \u0993 inflammatory lesion \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Layer\/Breeder-\u098f <strong>salpingitis, peritonitis<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>omphalitis\/yolk-sac infection<\/strong>-\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 diagnostic clue\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Airsacculitis + Pericarditis + Perihepatitis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 systemic Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u0987 \u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09e9. \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 Sample collection<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laboratory diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 veterinarian \u09ac\u09be laboratory professional \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>heart blood<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>liver<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spleen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>air sac lesion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pericardial\/perihepatic lesion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bone marrow<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>salpingitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 reproductive tract<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chick-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 yolk sac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 aseptic technique-\u098f \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987<\/strong> diagnostic sample \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial culture-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ea. Bacterial culture \u0993 E. coli identification<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09c3\u09b9\u09c0\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be laboratory-\u09a4\u09c7 culture \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u099c\u09a8\u0995 bacterial colony \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc microbiological\/biochemical \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 laboratory method-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 <strong>E. coli \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 E. coli \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 E. coli \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 systemic Colibacillosis \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af <strong>\u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 lesion \u09ac\u09be normally sterile internal organ \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 isolate \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>, postmortem findings \u098f\u09ac\u0982 clinical history\u2014\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09b9\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. coli \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>Antimicrobial\/Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST)<\/strong>\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc isolate-\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sensitive\/Susceptible, Intermediate<\/strong> \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be <strong>Resistant<\/strong>\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 veterinarian \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ec. Differential diagnosis\u2014\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u0993 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. coli \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 investigation \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 flock-\u098f \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 <strong>Mycoplasma, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory pathogen<\/strong> \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 respiratory disease \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u0996\u09a8 Culture \u0993 AST \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09af\u0996\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 Colibacillosis \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mortality \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u099b\u09c7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u099b\u09c7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>breeder\/layer flock-\u098f \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u099a\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Farm history &amp; Clinical signs \u2192 Postmortem examination \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 Sample collection \u2192 Bacterial culture \u2192 E. coli identification \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u2192 Differential diagnosis \u2192 Targeted treatment \u0993 management correction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u201c\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac?\u201d\u2014\u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u201c\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1, \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2?\u201d\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 laboratory diagnosis \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 antimicrobial resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0993 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ee. \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be: Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)<\/strong>\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4, \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb E. coli strain \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u201cE. coli \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0985\u09ae\u09c1\u0995 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u201d\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0, \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be E. coli isolate-\u098f\u09b0 antimicrobial susceptibility pattern-\u0993 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 lesion \u09ac\u09be internal organ \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 E. coli isolate \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 <strong>Antibiotic\/Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 resistant\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laboratory report-\u098f \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S = Susceptible\/Sensitive<\/strong><br><strong>I = Intermediate<\/strong><br><strong>R = Resistant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 report-\u098f\u09b0 interpretation veterinarian \u0993 laboratory guideline \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis-\u098f \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 resistance-\u0987 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>product concentration \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc treatment duration \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 water intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 pH, hardness \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af medication-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 drug delivery \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 Mycoplasma\/CRD, IB \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory disease \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a ammonia \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 water-line biofilm \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 reinfection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 systemic \u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>AST-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb antibiotic susceptible \u098f\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964<\/strong> \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 stage, \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 farm management-\u0993 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 Sample \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 <strong>\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 representative \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 aseptic\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 diagnostic sample \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial growth \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 culture-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 flock-\u098f mortality \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7 laboratory result-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0985\u09af\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u2014\u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf veterinarian clinical condition \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 Sample \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 provisional treatment \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 AST result \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 treatment \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 Targeted Therapy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u2192 E. coli isolation \u2192 AST \u2192 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u0993 duration \u2192 treatment response \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, water-line sanitation, \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation, ammonia control \u098f\u09ac\u0982 underlying respiratory disease \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antimicrobial Resistance \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0993 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u099c\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 AMR \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0993 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0964 Resistant E. coli \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 outbreak-\u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality \u0993 production loss \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 <strong>MSD Veterinary Manual \u0993 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 antimicrobial stewardship \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial culture \u0993 antimicrobial susceptibility \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cE. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 antibiotic \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0, \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antimicrobial-\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf <strong>\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7<\/strong> \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 Colibacillosis \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09ef. \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 Antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis (E. coli infection)<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antibiotic-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u201c\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u201d \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <strong>Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 antimicrobial resistance pattern \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0, \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 E. coli isolate \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Antibiotic\/Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 veterinary antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af Antimicrobial class<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 poultry bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 sensitivity result \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac antimicrobial class \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aminopenicillin group:<\/strong><br>\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 <strong>Amoxicillin<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 E. coli-\u09a4\u09c7 resistance \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 sensitivity result \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tetracycline group:<\/strong><br>\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 <strong>Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline<\/strong>\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 concurrent respiratory bacterial\/Mycoplasma involvement \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc veterinarian \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8; \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 susceptibility \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Potentiated sulfonamide:<\/strong><br>\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 <strong>Trimethoprim + Sulfonamide combination<\/strong>\u0964 \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 isolate-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 veterinarian \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Phenicol group:<\/strong><br>\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 veterinary phenicol agent \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>chloramphenicol food-producing animals-\u098f \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7<\/strong>, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 phenicol class-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u0987\u09a8 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af antimicrobial \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 <strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be food-producing poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 Antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u0995\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>AST result + \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997 + \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\/\u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 + concurrent infection + \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8 + \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 pharmacological suitability + withdrawal period\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 Layer\/Breeder-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antimicrobial <strong>laying hen-\u098f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 egg withdrawal period \u0995\u09a4<\/strong>\u2014\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fluoroquinolone \u0993 Critically Important Antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fluoroquinolone class<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be routine first-line treatment \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u099c\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 veterinary use \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 food-producing poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f fluoroquinolone-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be extra-label use \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>critically important antimicrobial<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dose \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 active ingredient-\u098f\u09b0 commercial formulation \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>10%, 20%, 50%<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af concentration-\u098f\u09b0\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb\u099f\u09bf feed \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af route-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 water intake-\u0993 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8, \u0986\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u201c\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09a4 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u201d \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 dose \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be <strong>\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 dosing-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Active ingredient \u2192 Product concentration \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 body weight \u2192 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc mg\/kg dose \u2192 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 water\/feed intake \u2192 treatment duration \u2192 product label \u0993 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment duration \u0993 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 course<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veterinarian \u09af\u09c7 duration \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 response \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 dose \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>diagnosis, AST result, water medication system \u098f\u09ac\u0982 underlying disease \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Withdrawal period \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Food-producing poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>meat \u0993 egg withdrawal period<\/strong> \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f product label-\u098f \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 withdrawal period \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Withdrawal period \u098f\u0995 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac brand-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0993 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; formulation, approval \u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 regulatory requirement \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09a5\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u2014\u098f\u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 water-line hygiene \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation, ammonia control, stocking density \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Mycoplasma\/IB-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb underlying respiratory problem \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u2192 Culture \u2192 E. coli identification \u2192 AST \u2192 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u0993 duration \u2192 withdrawal period \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u2192 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf: \u201c\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 antibiotic \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0, \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 antibiotic-\u0987 Colibacillosis \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09e6. \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 supportive management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u098f \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 electrolyte, vitamin \u0993 supportive care \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drinker leakage \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ventilation \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ammonia \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 contamination \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 infection \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09e7. \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 Antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis (E. coli infection)<\/strong>-\u098f \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u2014\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4, \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <strong>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)<\/strong>\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7 resistance \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0993 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 dose, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b9 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 Antibiotic \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 antimicrobial \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 susceptible bacteria \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 resistant bacteria \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 <strong>resistant bacterial population selection<\/strong> \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb laboratory diagnosis \u09ac\u09be AST \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf respiratory problem-\u098f \u098f\u0995\u0987 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 Dose \u0993 \u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 Course<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antibiotic \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09ae dose-\u098f \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, product concentration \u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 treatment course \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 dose \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 toxicity, residue \u098f\u09ac\u0982 antimicrobial resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poultry flock-\u098f \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 antimicrobial \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 active ingredient \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>water line-\u098f\u09b0 biofilm,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 pH \u0993 hardness,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stock solution \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09a8\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09b6\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af chemical\/medication-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 incompatibility,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drinker \u0993 dosing system-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 delivery-\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 Antibiotic-\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf, respiratory sound \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 E. coli \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 <strong>Mycoplasma\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 antibiotic \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 secondary bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af veterinarian \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 <strong>Mycoplasma \u09ac\u09be viral respiratory infection<\/strong> \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 respiratory problem \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 flock \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 Ventilation \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be + ammonia + overcrowding + \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 ventilation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 bacterial load \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 Water-line Biofilm \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 tank \u0993 pipeline \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 biofilm-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 bacteria \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987 contaminated water system \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 flock \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>continuous exposure \u09ac\u09be reinfection<\/strong>-\u0993 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 Systemic Infection<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>septicemia, severe airsacculitis, pericarditis \u0993 perihepatitis<\/strong> \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 laboratory-\u09a4\u09c7 isolate susceptible \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">APEC-\u098f Multidrug Resistance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 isolate-\u098f \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 antimicrobial class-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 resistance \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 <strong>multidrug resistance (MDR)<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MSD Veterinary Manual-\u0993 poultry colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 clinical E. coli isolate-\u098f antimicrobial resistance \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 susceptibility testing-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 Culture\/AST \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 concurrent disease \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 water line \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 ammonia \u0993 ventilation \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u2192 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WOAH-\u098f\u09b0 responsible antimicrobial-use \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>antimicrobial \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity, sanitation \u09ac\u09be husbandry management-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09a5\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cAntibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09a6\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc + Culture \u0993 AST + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 antimicrobial + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u0993 duration + \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation + ammonia control + underlying disease control + \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 biosecurity\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0987 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb, \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09e8. \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0: \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7:<\/strong> \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\/\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 untreated \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 veterinarian \u09ac\u09be diagnostic laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 culture \u0993 AST \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8, tank, drinker line \u098f\u09ac\u0982 feed contamination \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09ae\u09a4:<\/strong> ventilation \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 ammonia \u0993 humidity \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09a4:<\/strong> veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 targeted treatment \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09a4:<\/strong> mortality, feed intake, water intake \u0993 treatment response \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae-line treatment \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 diagnosis \u0993 laboratory result \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014WOAH-\u098f\u09b0 prudent-use guidance-\u098f\u0993 \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 reassessment-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09e9. \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 antibiotic \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014<strong>biosecurity \u0993 farm management\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u09a7\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 drinker-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 microbial quality \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 water line sanitation programme \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 poultry house \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 fresh-air exchange \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 ventilation \u0993 litter management \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stocking density<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 litter moisture, heat, ammonia \u098f\u09ac\u0982 microbial load \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biosecurity <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Farm entry control, footbath, \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be footwear, equipment disinfection, rodent control, wild-bird control \u098f\u09ac\u0982 dead-bird disposal \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All-in, all-out<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 flock \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f cleaning, washing, disinfection \u0993 downtime \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 flock \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09ea. \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u09be \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 respiratory infection \u09ac\u09be immunosuppressive disease \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 farm-specific vaccination programme, Mycoplasma control, Infectious Bronchitis\/Newcastle\u09b8\u09b9 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 chick quality \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be Colibacillosis control programme-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vaccination, biosecurity, hygiene, good husbandry \u0993 adequate nutrition antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u2014WOAH-\u0993 antimicrobial stewardship-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac preventive measure-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09eb. Antibiotic Withdrawal Period \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u0987 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u0993 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ad\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 <strong>withdrawal period \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b2<\/strong> \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Withdrawal period \u0995\u09c0?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Withdrawal period \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb veterinary medicine-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 dose \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 metabolite-\u098f\u09b0 residue \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 Antibiotic dose \u2192 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 Withdrawal Period \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u2192 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8\/\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 Meat Withdrawal \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f product-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>meat withdrawal period<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb product-\u098f\u09b0 label-\u098f \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f withdrawal period \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 dose \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u099c\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af <strong>marketing\/slaughter date<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Layer \u0993 Breeder-\u098f Egg Withdrawal \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0964 \u09b8\u09ac antibiotic \u09ac\u09be veterinary formulation <strong>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb product-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 egg withdrawal period \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 product laying hens producing eggs for human consumption-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 layer \u09ac\u09be breeder flock-\u098f antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf laying hen-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb restriction \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>egg withdrawal period \u0995\u09a4<\/strong>, \u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc regulatory requirement \u0995\u09c0\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u09ac Brand-\u098f\u09b0 Withdrawal Period \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014\u098f\u0995\u0987 active ingredient \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 withdrawal period-\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Withdrawal period \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Active ingredient + formulation + concentration + dose + route of administration + target species + product approval + \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 regulatory requirement-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 withdrawal period \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f product-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 label<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Withdrawal period \u09a8\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>antimicrobial residue<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ad\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>antimicrobial resistance (AMR) \u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>residue monitoring-\u098f \u09aa\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b0\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 Treatment Record \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf antibiotic treatment-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 record \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0993 active ingredient \u2192 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0996 \u2192 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 dose-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0996 \u2192 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 flock-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u2192 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u2192 meat\/egg withdrawal period \u2192 earliest safe marketing date\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc poultry farm, layer \u0993 breeder farm-\u098f \u098f\u0987 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 <strong>traceability \u0993 food-safety management-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Veterinarian \u0993 Product Label\u2014\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WOAH-\u098f\u09b0 responsible and prudent antimicrobial-use \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 withdrawal period \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 prescription-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf <strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 product label \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f regulatory requirement<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 dose \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0987 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014withdrawal period \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, Colibacillosis \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8, \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u0993 duration<\/strong> \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3, \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf <strong>meat \u0993 egg withdrawal period \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09ec. \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis (E. coli)<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 ventilation-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7. \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987 Antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u099d\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 E. coli \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 CRD\/Mycoplasmosis, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease, Salmonellosis\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 <strong>clinical history, postmortem \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 laboratory diagnosis<\/strong> \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8. \u09a6\u09c1\u0987-\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 Antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf <strong>antimicrobial resistance (AMR)<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 response \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 diagnosis \u0993 treatment protocol \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e9. \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 Dose \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be Treatment course \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u0995\u09ae dose, \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 dilution, product concentration \u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 dose-\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <strong>Product label \u0993 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 dose \u098f\u09ac\u0982 duration<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ea. \u098f\u0995\u0987 Antibiotic \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 E. coli \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 resistant bacterial population \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 Antibiotic rotation-\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 <strong>culture \u0993 AST-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 targeted treatment<\/strong> \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09eb. Culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 AST \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf isolate susceptible \u09ac\u09be resistant\u2014\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ec. \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u0964 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 microbial contamination \u0993 ammonia \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 litter moisture-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ed. \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 Tank, Pipeline \u0993 Drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Tank \u0993 water line-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>biofilm<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 bacteria \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 water-system cleaning, sanitation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 drinker hygiene \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ee. \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc Poultry house \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be<\/strong><br>\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0993 \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u09a0\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>humidity, ammonia, carbon dioxide \u0993 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8<\/strong> \u099c\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u099f\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 <strong>fresh-air exchange<\/strong> \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ef. \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 Respiratory disease \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><br>Mycoplasma\/CRD, Infectious Bronchitis \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af respiratory infection \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 E. coli secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 underlying disease \u0993 biosecurity \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0989\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09e6. Meat\/Egg Withdrawal Period \u09a8\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong><br>Antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 dose \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 withdrawal period \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 layer flock-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf <strong>laying hens-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 egg withdrawal \u0995\u09a4<\/strong>\u2014\u09a4\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u2014\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 Antibiotic-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc + Culture\/AST + \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 targeted antibiotic + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 water line + \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation + ammonia control + respiratory disease control + \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 biosecurity\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09ed. \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 E. coli Prevention Checklist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>Colibacillosis \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09eb \u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong> \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 Drinker \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 ammonia-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\/\u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 Ventilation \u0993 fresh-air exchange \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 tank \u0993 drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0? \u2192 Feed \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4? \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09aa\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf, \u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09be respiratory sound \u09b6\u09cb\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 Feed \u0993 water intake \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7? \u2192 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 mortality \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>feed\/water intake, mortality \u098f\u09ac\u0982 respiratory signs-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u0993 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4:<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + ammonia \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf + feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09be + respiratory sound + mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8, postmortem \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 laboratory diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf:<\/strong> <em>\u201c\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc E. coli \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u0982\u09b9\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>Colibacillosis-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf E. coli \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 ammonia, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be respiratory disease\u2014\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0993 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, postmortem, bacterial culture \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 targeted treatment \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 water line, \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2, ammonia control \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 biosecurity \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014\u201c\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0993 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964\u201d<\/strong> \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf, mortality, \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/88-1-1024x721.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7521\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.420268778109935;width:209px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/88-1-1024x721.png 1024w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/88-1-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/88-1-768x540.png 768w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/88-1.png 1495w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3:<\/strong><br>\u201c\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2, \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3, \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u0989\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 E. coli-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong><br>MSD Veterinary Manual; World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)\u2014Poultry Colibacillosis, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antibiotic Sensitivity \u0993 Responsible Antimicrobial Use \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ac\u09cd\u09af:<\/strong> \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u0993 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 Antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8, dose, duration \u0993 withdrawal period \u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ad\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (E. coli) \u09b0\u09cb\u0997: \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0964\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 (Colibacillosis) \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[733],"tags":[3431,3432,3434,2808,2802,2659,3429,3433,3422,3430,2754,3428,2105,3435,2167,3427,3419,3362,2624,2107,3423,2627,3425,3426,3420,3355,3424,2563,3421,2596],"class_list":["post-7517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-2","tag-antibiotic-sensitivity-test","tag-apec","tag-avian-pathogenic-e-coli","tag-broiler-disease","tag-chicken-disease","tag-colibacillosis","tag-e-coli-in-poultry","tag-e-coli-treatment-in-poultry","tag-e-coli-","tag-layer-chicken-disease","tag-poultry-biosecurity","tag-poultry-colibacillosis","tag-poultry-disease","tag-poultry-disease-prevention","tag-poultry-health","tag-3427","tag-3419","tag-3362","tag-2624","tag-2107","tag-3423","tag-2627","tag-3425","tag-3426","tag-3420","tag-3355","tag-3424","tag-2563","tag-3421","tag-2596"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7517"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7527,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7517\/revisions\/7527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}