{"id":7643,"date":"2026-08-17T00:31:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T18:31:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7643"},"modified":"2026-08-17T00:32:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T18:32:06","slug":"%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%83%e0%a6%b7%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%bc-%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%81%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%af%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7643","title":{"rendered":"\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc: \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0964\u0964<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u0964\u0964<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-1-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7645\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4992892477398079;width:236px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-1-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf, \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa<\/strong> \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u2014<strong>\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7, \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be, supportive care \u0993 secondary bacterial infection \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09e7. \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0997 \u09ac\u09be Duck Viral Enteritis<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0997 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be <strong>Duck Viral Enteritis (DVE)<\/strong> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 <em>Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1<\/em> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09c3\u09b9\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, vaccination status, virus-\u098f\u09b0 virulence \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 outbreak-\u098f <strong>\u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0, \u0996\u09be\u09b2, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc biosecurity-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>\u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be carrier \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u0993 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 drinking water;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contaminated feed \u0993 feed container;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 equipment;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 equipment \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09a8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 clinical signs \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u0986\u0982\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dehydration;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09cd\u0995 laying duck-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 cloacal region-\u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 flock-\u098f <strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be + \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 diarrhea + egg production \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 Duck Viral Enteritis-\u0995\u09c7 differential diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postmortem-\u098f \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 postmortem examination-\u098f Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>hemorrhagic \u0993 necrotic lesion<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gastrointestinal tract-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 hemorrhage;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>intestine-\u098f\u09b0 mucosa-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u09a3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 internal organ-\u098f hemorrhagic lesion;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lymphoid tissue-\u098f \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 esophagus \u0993 intestinal tract-\u098f characteristic lesion;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cloaca \u0993 reproductive tract-\u098f lesion \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf postmortem lesion \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 Duck Plague \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af septicemic \u09ac\u09be hemorrhagic disease-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 lesion \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 flock-\u098f \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 Duck Plague \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u2014<strong>Flock history \u2192 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u2192 Vaccination history \u2192 Clinical signs \u2192 Mortality pattern \u2192 Postmortem lesions \u2192 Laboratory confirmation\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 tissue sample \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>PCR \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af virus-detection test<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 veterinary diagnostic laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antiviral \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 virus \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 Duck Plague \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>supportive care \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dehydration \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 electrolyte;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 vitamin-mineral supportive care;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 feed;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stress \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb isolation area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antibiotic \u0995\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 virus-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>secondary bacterial infection<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 veterinarian bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0993 clinical condition \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial culture \u0993 <strong>Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 antimicrobial \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf <strong>Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; secondary bacterial complication-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u2014<strong>\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8 \u2192 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f\u09b0 equipment \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 drinking water \u0993 feed contamination \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 veterinarian\/\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8 \u2192 laboratory diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09b0, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, feed container \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 equipment \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 disinfect \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be, \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995 \u09ac\u09be equipment \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 <strong>\u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0, \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0, \u0996\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Diagnostic examination-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be sample veterinarian\/laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 disposal \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vaccination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 <strong>vaccination \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/strong>\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 vaccine \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 veterinarian \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 vaccination programme \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 vaccine \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 biosecurity-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 vaccine storage, cold chain, administration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 flock-\u098f\u09b0 vaccination record \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 Biosecurity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague-\u098f\u09b0 epidemiology-\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af wild waterfowl-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be<\/strong> \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 drinking water \u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wild bird \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 feed \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 quarantine \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be flock-\u098f \u09a8\u09be \u09a2\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u0993 equipment-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09b6\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2\u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 infectious agent-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality, \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be egg production-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a4\u09a8<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinary investigation \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Plague \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 + Isolation + Laboratory Diagnosis + \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 Disposal + \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 Biosecurity + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Vaccination Programme\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>Duck Plague \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997; \u09a4\u09be\u0987 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong> \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 supportive care \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 outbreak management-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09e8. \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be Fowl Cholera<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be <strong>Fowl Cholera<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0993 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 <em><strong>Pasteurella multocida<\/strong><\/em> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0993 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf, \u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0997\u09c3\u09b9\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u098f \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09cd\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf <strong>acute \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>chronic \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0<\/strong>\u2014\u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 <strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/strong> \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u099c\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f, respiratory system \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be housing, overcrowding, stress \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity<\/strong> \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 bacterial disease \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 carrier \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 <strong>\u09a8\u09be\u0995-\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac, \u09ae\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 contaminated \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, feed \u0993 equipment<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 bacteria-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7, \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be wild birds \u0993 rodents-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acute fowl cholera-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 flock-\u098f\u09b0 mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad, \u09b9\u09b2\u09c1\u09a6\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 mucus\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chronic \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 acute infection \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u099a\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 chronic infection \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u099c\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 respiratory problem;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 diarrhea \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 bacterial infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postmortem-\u098f \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acute fowl cholera-\u09a4\u09c7 postmortem examination-\u098f <strong>septicemia \u0993 hemorrhage-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Liver \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0993 congested \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f necrotic foci \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Heart \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u0993 hemorrhage \u09ac\u09be vascular changes \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Chronic infection \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>joint, respiratory tissue \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af localized tissue-\u098f inflammatory lesion<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac lesion \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af bacterial disease-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 postmortem \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 laboratory confirmation \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 diagnosis \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <strong>Pasteurella, Riemerella, E. coli<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af systemic bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 clinical signs \u0993 postmortem lesions \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<strong>Flock history \u2192 Clinical signs \u2192 Postmortem examination \u2192 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u2192 Bacterial culture \u0993 identification \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 flock-\u098f \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 veterinarian\/diagnostic laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0993 Antibiotic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fowl Cholera \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antimicrobial \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock-\u098f mortality \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic-\u0995\u09c7 \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veterinary literature \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 sulfonamide-class antimicrobial<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 <em>Pasteurella multocida<\/em>-\u098f\u09b0 antimicrobial susceptibility \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u0993 strain \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>Bacterial isolation \u2192 Culture \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u2192 Veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 Antibiotic \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 acute outbreak-\u098f\u09b0 mortality \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 <em>Pasteurella multocida<\/em> \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 recovered bird carrier \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf <strong>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be, housing \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 biosecurity \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong> \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supportive Care<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 Diarrhea \u0993 dehydration \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 electrolyte supportive care \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feed \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 overcrowded \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb ventilation-\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fowl Cholera \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8 \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 drinking water \u0993 feed \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 laboratory diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 Culture\/AST-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 cleaning \u0993 disinfection \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 wild birds \u0993 rodents-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vaccination \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc fowl cholera \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>vaccination programme<\/strong> \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 vaccine-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8, circulating strain, flock history \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 vaccine-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 programme \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 quarantine \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 drinking water \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>overcrowding \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wild bird \u0993 rodent control;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock-\u098f\u09b0 equipment \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af flock-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 cleaning \u0993 disinfection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 <strong>dose, administration method \u098f\u09ac\u0982 duration<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 treatment \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>meat \u0993 egg withdrawal period<\/strong>\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0982\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be, \u09a4\u09be product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 laying duck-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac antimicrobial \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 <strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 egg withdrawal period \u0995\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 + Isolation + Postmortem\/Laboratory Diagnosis + Culture\/AST \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 Antibiotic + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb Housing + Biosecurity + \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 Vaccination\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>\u201c\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964\u201d<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 outbreak \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0993 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09e9. Riemerella anatipestifer Infection \u09ac\u09be Infectious Serositis<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>Riemerella anatipestifer infection<\/strong>\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 <strong>Infectious Serositis<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>New Duck Disease<\/strong> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u0993 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock-\u098f \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be, \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0993 mortality-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be housing, overcrowding, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 ventilation, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, stress \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity<\/strong> \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 bacterial disease \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc Riemerella-\u09b8\u09b9 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 <strong>\u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling \u0993 growing duck<\/strong>-\u098f \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, bacterial strain \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 flock-\u098f \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 outbreak-\u098f mortality \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be carrier \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 bacteria \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, feed, litter, equipment \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6<\/strong> \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09aa\u09a5 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b9\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09be respiratory distress;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb <strong>\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09be\u0981\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neurological signs;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09bf\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09be paddling-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 mortality\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 + \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad diarrhea + neurological signs<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 Riemerella infection-\u0995\u09c7 differential diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postmortem-\u098f \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riemerella infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 postmortem examination \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae <strong>Infectious Serositis<\/strong> \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 serosal surface-\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 lesion \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postmortem-\u098f \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>fibrinous pericarditis<\/strong> \u2014 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 fibrin \u099c\u09ae\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>perihepatitis<\/strong> \u2014 liver-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9 \u0993 fibrin;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>airsacculitis<\/strong> \u2014 air sac-\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 meningitis;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>systemic infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af lesion\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac lesion \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 Riemerella-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <strong>E. coli \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af bacterial infection<\/strong>-\u098f\u0993 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf lesion \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 laboratory diagnosis \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 Riemerella infection \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 clinical signs <strong>Pasteurella, E. coli, Salmonella \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 viral \u09ac\u09be neurological disease<\/strong>-\u098f\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<strong>Flock history \u2192 Clinical signs \u2192 Postmortem examination \u2192 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u2192 Bacterial culture\/identification \u2192 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 molecular test \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 untreated \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 culture \u0993 AST-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0993 Antibiotic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riemerella anatipestifer \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf bacterial infection \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc antimicrobial treatment \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>Riemerella-\u098f\u09b0 antimicrobial susceptibility strain \u0993 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 resistance \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> Veterinary literature-\u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 antibiotic \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u2014<strong>Bacterial Culture \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u2192 Veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose, administration route, duration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supportive Care<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf management correction \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb ventilation-\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 Diarrhea \u0993 dehydration \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 electrolyte supportive care \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 Antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09bf \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, litter \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, stocking density \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 biosecurity \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 mortality \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u2014<strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u2192 drinking water \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 overcrowding \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u2192 ventilation \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u2192 equipment \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 disinfect \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong> \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0993 Biosecurity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riemerella infection \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 biosecurity \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 quarantine-\u098f \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 equipment \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 disinfect \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 drinking water \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0998\u09b0 \u0993 litter \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>overcrowding \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f\u09b0 equipment \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u0993 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u0993 mortality \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vaccination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>Riemerella anatipestifer vaccine<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f bacteria-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 serotype \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc vaccine protection \u09b8\u09ac strain-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb vaccine \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u0989\u09aa\u09b2\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 disease history \u0995\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f strain\/serotype-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 vaccine-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 vaccination programme \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 Riemerella \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 neurological sign \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 viral disease \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0993 \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 Riemerella, Pasteurella \u0993 E. coli-\u09b8\u09b9 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 <strong>postmortem + laboratory diagnosis + culture\/AST<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riemerella infection \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 + \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 Isolation + Laboratory Diagnosis + Culture\/AST \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb Housing + Biosecurity + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Vaccination Strategy\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 outbreak \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ea. E. coli Infection \u09ac\u09be Colibacillosis<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Colibacillosis<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/em> \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 <em>E. coli<\/em> \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be-\u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6, \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 sanitation, overcrowding, stress, \u0985\u09aa\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7<\/strong> \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 strain \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0995\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be, \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>duckling \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8<\/strong> \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 <em>E. coli<\/em> \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 contaminated <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, feed, litter, \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 secondary infection \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 colibacillosis \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u0993 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 bacteria-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>duckling-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>growth retardation<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dehydration;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09be respiratory signs;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>laying duck-\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>systemic infection \u09ac\u09be <strong>septicemia<\/strong> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 flock-\u098f \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be, feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Septicemia \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u0995?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <em>E. coli<\/em> \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>systemic colibacillosis \u09ac\u09be septicemia<\/strong> \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964  Postmortem examination-\u098f \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 <strong>airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis \u09ac\u09be septicemic lesions<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac lesion \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af bacterial infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 laboratory confirmation \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 diarrhea, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 <em>E. coli<\/em> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <strong>Riemerella, Pasteurella, Salmonella \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af bacterial \u09ac\u09be viral disease<\/strong>-\u098f\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf clinical signs \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af veterinarian \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4\u2014 <strong>Flock history \u2192 Clinical signs \u2192 Postmortem examination \u2192 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u2192 Bacterial culture \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be untreated \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 culture \u0993 AST-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0993 Antibiotic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 antibiotic \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u201cE. coli \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u201d<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <em>E. coli<\/em>-\u09a4\u09c7 antimicrobial resistance \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 antibiotic \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 <em>E. coli<\/em> strain-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antimicrobial-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f isolate sensitive \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veterinarian \u09af\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>administration route;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>treatment duration;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 actual water intake;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u0993 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>meat withdrawal period<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>egg withdrawal period<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb antimicrobial \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supportive Care<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diarrhea \u09ac\u09be systemic illness-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 dehydration-\u098f \u09ad\u09c1\u0997\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0993 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 <strong>electrolyte supportive care<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 stress-free \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 Antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/strong> <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 drinker \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 litter \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 feed contaminated \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 stocking density \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 ventilation \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u2192 biosecurity \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u2014\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic course \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 bacteria-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 <strong>drinking water-\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be, drinker \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u0998\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be, feed-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 tank \u0993 pipeline \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 water-storage system contaminated \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colibacillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 + \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 Feed + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 Drinker + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 Stocking Density + \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb Ventilation + Biosecurity + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a8\u099c\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 quarantine \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>E. coli infection \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u201c\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u201d \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, sanitation, stress \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u2192 Postmortem\/Laboratory diagnosis \u2192 Bacterial culture \u2192 AST \u2192 Veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antibiotic \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u0993 duration \u2192 Withdrawal period \u2192 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, feed \u0993 housing management \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 outbreak \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, <strong>\u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0993 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09eb. \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09b9\u09c7\u09aa\u09be\u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09bf\u09b8 (Duck Viral Hepatitis)<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09b9\u09c7\u09aa\u09be\u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09bf\u09b8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u0993 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997<\/strong>\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling-\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u09ec \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/strong>, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling-\u098f \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 susceptible \u09ac\u09be \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 flock-\u098f \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb outbreak-\u098f \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 <strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 duckling \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Viral Hepatitis \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 viral agent-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7; classical \u0993 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u099f\u09bf <strong>Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV)<\/strong> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0964 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 contaminated \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0993 feed container;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af equipment;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09a8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be carrier \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u0981\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 mechanically contaminated material \u098f\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0993 biosecurity-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 incubation period \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb duckling \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 paddling \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09bf\u0981\u099a\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u2014\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 <strong>opisthotonos<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flock-\u098f \u0986\u0995\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 mortality \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 + \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb + paddling<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u0995\u09c7 differential diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postmortem-\u098f \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 postmortem examination-\u098f \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 <strong>liver \u09ac\u09be \u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>liver \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09af\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>liver-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>hemorrhage \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099b\u09cb\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f hemorrhagic spot \u09ac\u09be ecchymotic lesion \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 spleen \u09ac\u09be kidney-\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 postmortem lesion \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf clinical \u09ac\u09be pathological \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u2014 <strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u2192 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u2192 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 mortality \u2192 clinical signs \u2192 postmortem lesion \u2192 laboratory confirmation\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 liver \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>PCR\/virus detection \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f laboratory test<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af diagnostic laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antiviral \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 Duck Viral Hepatitis \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>supportive care<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 feed \u098f\u09ac\u0982 stress \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 Secondary bacterial infection \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u2014\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf <strong>viral hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 outbreak control-\u098f <strong>hyperimmune serum\/antibody-based protection<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be veterinary literature-\u098f \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7; \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be, virus type \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc veterinary \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u2014 <strong>\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8 \u2192 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 equipment \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 veterinarian\/diagnostic laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 equipment \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 disinfect \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 flock \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b6\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vaccination \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>prevention \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> Breeder duck vaccination-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 maternal antibody \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 duckling vaccination \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 vaccine, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 virus type-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 schedule-\u098f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong>\u2014\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf, \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 vaccine \u098f\u09ac\u0982 veterinarian\/\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 quarantine \u0995\u09b0\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wild waterfowl-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0987\u0981\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 drinking water;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed contamination \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 cleaning \u0993 disinfection;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 flock \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 duckling \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf <strong>\u09e8\u2013\u09e9 \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 paddling \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be-\u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u201c\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09b2\u09c7\u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u201d \u09ac\u09be bacterial infection \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 postmortem \u0993 laboratory diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 biosecurity response<\/strong> \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb flock \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Viral Hepatitis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 Isolation + \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 Biosecurity + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Vaccination Programme + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 Veterinary Intervention\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u098f\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 <strong>\u201c\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u201d<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock-\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ec. \u0995\u0995\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u0995\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>Coccidia \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 protozoan parasite \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997<\/strong>\u0964 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 clinical coccidiosis \u0995\u09ae \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 coccidia \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling<\/strong>-\u098f \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 intestinal disease \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7, \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 coccidia-\u098f\u09b0 <strong>oocyst<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 sanitation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 coccidia-\u098f\u09b0 oocyst \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be litter-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 oocyst \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0998\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 duckling \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 contaminated \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb flock \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 coccidia-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7 mucus \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09b2<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u09aa\u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dehydration<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0985\u09b8\u09ae \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 intestinal damage \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 <strong>mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 diarrhea, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0993 growth retardation \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 coccidiosis-\u0995\u09c7 differential diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 coccidiosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 <strong>bacterial enteritis, Salmonella\/E. coli infection, feed-related \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be, toxin \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af intestinal parasite<\/strong> \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af veterinarian \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u2014<strong>Fecal examination \u2192 Oocyst detection \u2192 Postmortem examination \u2192 Intestinal lesion evaluation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af laboratory test \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 bacterial \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0993 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 coccidiosis-\u098f <strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 coccidiosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ac anticoccidial drug \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Veterinary practice-\u098f coccidiosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af <strong>amprolium \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 sulfonamide-class anticoccidial<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 active ingredient \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7, \u0995\u09a4 dose, \u0995\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period \u0995\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u098f\u09b8\u09ac <strong>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 product label \u098f\u09ac\u0982 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>ionophore anticoccidial<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be chicken feed-\u098f\u09b0 medicated anticoccidial programme \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995 species-\u098f\u09b0 poultry-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 programme \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af species-\u098f \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supportive care<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diarrhea \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 dehydration \u0993 electrolyte imbalance \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0993 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 electrolyte supportive care \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 oocyst \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 anticoccidial \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u2192 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u2192 drinker leakage \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 stocking density \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u2192 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u0998\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be<\/strong> \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u0995\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 drinking water \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09b8\u09c7\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a8\u099c\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf flock-\u098f \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 quarantine-\u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb biosecurity practice\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0995\u0995\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 anticoccidial + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 + \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 stocking density + biosecurity\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 diarrhea \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 <strong>amprolium, sulfa \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af anticoccidial programme \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09aa\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>, \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 locally approved \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ed. Aspergillosis \u09ac\u09be \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Aspergillosis<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 <em>Aspergillus<\/em> \u0997\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u2014\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <em>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/em>\u2014\u098f\u09b0 spores \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09ac\u09be <strong>duckling<\/strong> \u098f \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter, \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b8\u09c7\u0981\u09a4\u09c7 feed, \u09aa\u099a\u09be \u0996\u09a1\u09bc, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 brooding area \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 ventilation<\/strong>-\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 fungal spore \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b8\u09ab\u09c1\u09b8 \u0993 air sac \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aspergillosis-\u098f \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 respiratory signs \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0998\u09a8 \u0998\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0993 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>mortality<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u099b\u09cb\u099f duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0993 mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 Aspergillosis \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 bacterial respiratory disease, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af fungal infection \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 viral disease-\u098f\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Postmortem examination-\u098f \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>lungs \u0993 air sacs-\u098f \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be, \u09b9\u09b2\u09c1\u09a6 \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c1\u09a6\u09be\u09ad-\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c nodules\/plaques<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af veterinarian \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 microscopic examination, fungal culture \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af laboratory test \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poultry flock-\u098f Aspergillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 <strong>\u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 flock-level treatment \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 fungal spores \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964Veterinary literature-\u098f \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>itraconazole, amphotericin B \u09ac\u09be terbinafine<\/strong>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb antifungal \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 food-producing duck-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8, dose, toxicity \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>meat\/egg residue \u0993 withdrawal<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 antifungal \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>Aspergillosis \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 Aspergillus \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong> Secondary bacterial infection \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 antimicrobial resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aspergillosis \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; <strong>\u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7\u0987 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be litter, \u09aa\u099a\u09be \u0996\u09a1\u09bc \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b8\u09c7\u0981\u09a4\u09c7 bedding \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 Feed storage room \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a2\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 <strong>ventilation<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0998\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 disinfectant \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 stocking density \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 feed \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Feed \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 Aspergillosis \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 feed management \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 Feed-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 <strong>pallet-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 Feed store-\u098f \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feed-\u098f <strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7, \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u0982, \u09a6\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 mold<\/strong> \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09bf feed \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 fungal growth \u09ac\u09be toxin \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aspergillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>prevention \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u2014<strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb litter + \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 feed storage + \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 brooding area + \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 ventilation + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 stocking density + \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 sanitation<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u201c\u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be Feed \u0993 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be Litter\u201d<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 duckling \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 postmortem\/laboratory examination \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>\u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u0993 bedding \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09be<\/strong>, \u0998\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ventilation \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ee. \u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 Enteritis<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>\u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09b2, \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0, \u09a1\u09cb\u09ac\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2, \u0995\u09be\u09a6\u09be, \u09aa\u099a\u09be \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7 <strong>fecal contamination<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 <strong>bacterial enteritis<\/strong> \u0993 gastrointestinal infection-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E. coli, Salmonella<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af enteric bacteria \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 bacterial enteritis \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8, \u09aa\u09b0\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09c0, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09b7\u09cd\u099f feed, mycotoxin, \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 digestive problem \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2\u09c7 mucus \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09be \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dehydration<\/strong> \u0993 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u09aa\u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09cd\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>laying duck-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 intestinal \u09ac\u09be systemic infection \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 mortality \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 diarrhea \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/strong> \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09b2 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 bacteria \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 diarrhea \u09ac\u09be mortality \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 clinical examination \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>postmortem examination<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 Bacterial disease \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 fecal, intestinal \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be laboratory-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f bacteria sensitive \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09be\u099c \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 drinking water<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf drinking water \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 disinfectant \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dilution \u0993 contact time \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diarrhea-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0993 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 <strong>electrolyte supportive care<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 feed \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u099a\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bacterial enteritis \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 diarrhea \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 culture \u0993 AST-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 <strong>dose, duration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0993 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u2014 <strong>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u2192 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u2192 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u2192 biosecurity \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong> \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 <strong>\u201c\u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u201d<\/strong> \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 diarrhea \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 <strong>bacterial, viral, parasitic, nutritional \u09ac\u09be management-related \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<strong>\u201c\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0964\u201d<\/strong> \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09ac\u09c7, antimicrobial resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf, \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7. \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0, \u09a1\u09cb\u09ac\u09be \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b2, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09be, \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>E. coli, Pasteurella-\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 bacterial infection \u0993 enteric problem<\/strong> \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e8. \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, drinker leakage \u0993 \u09ae\u09b2 \u099c\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09b0 <strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af<\/strong> \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u099c\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e9. \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Feed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc feed \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b8\u09c7\u0981\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 mold \u09ac\u09be fungus \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995 <strong>mycotoxin<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 spores \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 aspergillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 Feed \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb, \u0989\u0981\u099a\u09c1 \u0993 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong> \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09a6\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ea. \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Stocking Density<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 <strong>overcrowding, \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa<\/strong> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 stocking density \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 stress \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 floor space, ventilation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 feeding \u0993 drinking space \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09b2-\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2, \u09b9\u09be\u0993\u09b0, \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u0993 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09cb\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09a8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 commercial \u09ac\u09be breeder flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>wild waterfowl-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong> biosecurity-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ec. \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9, \u09ae\u09b2 \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 <strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\/\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 diagnostic postmortem-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4, \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 disinfect \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ed. \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 Quarantine \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be Flock-\u098f \u09a2\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0993 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 carrier \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 <strong>\u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be quarantine \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, mortality \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0993 vaccination status \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ee. \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be Antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 <strong>bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf feed \u09ac\u09be management-related \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993<\/strong> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 Duck Plague \u09ac\u09be Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 bacterial disease \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0993 resistance pattern-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 bacterial infection \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u2192 Culture \u2192 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u2192 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 dose, duration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc + \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Feed + \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Stocking Density + Biosecurity + Quarantine + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8?<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/strong>\u0964 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be, \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb, \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7. \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u099b\u09c7\u2014\u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 <strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u099a\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 isolation area \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e8. \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0993 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>flock-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09a4 \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u0996\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf flock-\u098f \u0986\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf vaccination \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e9. \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u201c\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u201d \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u2014<strong>\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u0982 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf, \u09a8\u09be\u0995-\u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6, \u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb, \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09be, \u099c\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09ad\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ea. \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 drinking water<\/strong> \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be contaminated \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf drinking water \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964Dehydration \u09ac\u09be diarrhea \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0993 product label \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 <strong>electrolyte supportive care<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. Feed \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc feed \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b8\u09c7\u0981\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <strong>mold \u09ac\u09be fungus<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 feed-\u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7, \u09b0\u0982 \u0993 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb feed \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u0964\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 contaminated feed \u0996\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ec. \u0998\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be, \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u099c\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ventilation \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 drinker leak, overcrowding \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ed. \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09a5\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>veterinary diagnostic laboratory \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 postmortem examination<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 liver, heart, intestine, respiratory tissue \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be laboratory examination-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf veterinarian \u09ac\u09be laboratory-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ee. Bacterial disease \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 Culture \u0993 AST \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duck Cholera, Riemerella infection \u09ac\u09be E. coli\u2013\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb bacterial disease \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 bacteria \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf sensitive \u09ac\u09be resistant\u2014\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ef. \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 Antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae antibiotic-\u098f \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09bf viral, fungal, parasitic \u09ac\u09be management-related \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964  Veterinarian antibiotic \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose, duration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7\u09e6. \u0986\u0995\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1, \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb flock-\u098f \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\/veterinarian \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f veterinary diagnostic service-\u098f\u09b0<\/strong> \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09e8\u09ea \u0998\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0993 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 feed \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8 \u2192 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 postmortem \u0993 laboratory diagnosis \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u2192 bacterial disease \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 Culture + AST-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>\u201c\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c1\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u201d<\/strong>\u2014\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0987 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u201c\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u201d<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u2014\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality\u2014\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 <strong>Pasteurella, Riemerella anatipestifer, E. coli<\/strong>-\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 bacterial infection-\u098f \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 <strong>viral, parasitic \u09ac\u09be fungal disease<\/strong>-\u098f\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Duck Plague \u09ac\u09be Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be; \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 secondary bacterial infection \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 veterinarian \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 clinical examination, flock history \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 postmortem examination \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Culture \u0993 AST \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> bacterial disease \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>bacterial culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u099f\u09bf sensitive \u09ac\u09be resistant \u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8, \u0993\u099c\u09a8, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 formulation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 label \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 dose \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 duration \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 antibiotic \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 treatment protocol \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u098f\u0995\u0987 antibiotic \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0995\u0987 antibiotic \u0998\u09a8 \u0998\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 resistant bacteria \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 antibiotic \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be:<\/strong> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c1\u0987-\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 antibiotic \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Drug interaction, toxicity \u0993 resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09ae \u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc dose \u09aa\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meat withdrawal period \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8:<\/strong> antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 withdrawal period \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u099c\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Egg withdrawal period \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3:<\/strong> \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 withdrawal period \u0995\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u2014label \u0993 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u0998\u09b0, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed, overcrowding \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09a5\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Antibiotic \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 antibiotic-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc, \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09be, biosecurity, \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 vaccination \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 antibiotic \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u2192 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u2192 Culture\/AST \u2192 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u2192 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7, dose \u0993 duration \u2192 withdrawal period \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong>\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 Prevention Checklist<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb flock \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce feed intake \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 E. coli, Pasteurella \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be, \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09ad, \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0998\u09b0, \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7 \u0993 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be drinker leak \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Feed \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb feed-\u098f mold \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 aspergillosis \u0993 mycotoxin-related \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09aa\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c1\u0997\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u0998\u09a8 \u0998\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 respiratory disease-\u098f\u09b0 \u0987\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 flock \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0998\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 neurological sign \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 laying duck-\u098f \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be, stress \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mortality \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb\u0987 \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be sewage \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u2192 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u2192 \u09ae\u09b2 \u2192 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u2192 \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u2192 \u0998\u09b0\/\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u2192 Feed \u2192 Mortality<\/strong><br>\u098f\u0987 \u0986\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 <strong>\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce mortality \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf, \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be, \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09be neurological sign<\/strong> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 postmortem, bacterial culture \u0993 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST) \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09a5\u09be<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/strong> \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf, \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity\u2014\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0 duckling-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u0993 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 mortality-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u2014<strong>\u201c\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf + \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc + \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u0993 \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 Feed + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 Stocking Density + Biosecurity + Quarantine + Vaccination + \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 <strong>feed \u0993 water intake, \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8, \u099a\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be, \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, feed storage, litter \u09ac\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09af\u09a4 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09c7, \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a4\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>Duck Plague \u0993 Duck Viral Hepatitis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 antibiotic \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong> \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 antibiotic \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be; \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be, biosecurity \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be, supportive care \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 <strong>Duck Cholera, Riemerella anatipestifer infection \u098f\u09ac\u0982 E. coli\u2013\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 Colibacillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb bacterial disease<\/strong>-\u098f antibiotic \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 diarrhea, respiratory signs, \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be mortality \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>postmortem \u0993 laboratory diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf bacterial culture \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (AST)<\/strong> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 antibiotic \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc antibiotic \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 resistance-\u098f\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>Aspergillosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb fungal disease-\u098f antibiotic \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/strong>, \u0986\u09b0 coccidiosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 diagnosis \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u09b0 anticoccidial programme \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0993 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 <strong>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be housing, \u09a8\u09cb\u0982\u09b0\u09be drinker, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed, overcrowding \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 biosecurity<\/strong> \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 antibiotic \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 antibiotic \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af veterinary medicine \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 <strong>\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 dose, duration \u098f\u09ac\u0982 meat\/egg withdrawal period<\/strong> \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u099f\u09bf laying birds-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ae \u0995\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u2014\u09a4\u09be product label \u0993 veterinarian-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, <strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 feed, \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 sanitation, biosecurity, quarantine \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 vaccination \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 diagnosis-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c\u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc, \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u201d\u2014\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09e7. <strong>MSD\/Merck Veterinary Manual<\/strong> \u2014 Duck Plague, Duck Viral Hepatitis, Fowl Cholera \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e8. <strong>Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine<\/strong> \u2014 Duck Health Care \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e9. <strong>WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health)<\/strong> \u2014 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8 \u0993 \u099c\u09b2\u099a\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p 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\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf, \u099c\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be, \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 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