{"id":7781,"date":"2026-08-27T16:31:35","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T10:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7781"},"modified":"2026-08-27T16:31:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T10:31:56","slug":"%e0%a7%a7%e0%a7%a6%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%bf-%e0%a6%97%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%81-%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%bc%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87-%e0%a7%a7-%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%96-%e0%a6%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/?p=7781","title":{"rendered":"\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 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size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7784\" style=\"width:223px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1-500x280.jpg 500w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-1.jpg 1672w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0996<\/strong><strong> 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\u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8, lactation status, \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u09b0\u099a, \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u09b8 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8, \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be, reproduction, \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u2014\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ed\u09e6 \u099c\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09e7\u09e8.\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 BCR \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e8.\u09e7\u09ed\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be; \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7. \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2: \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u2014\u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ec\u2013\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e7\u2013\u09e8\u099f\u09bf dry\/pregnant cow,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u0995\u09a8\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987&nbsp;<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> \u00d7 <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09e7\u09e6 \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014&nbsp;<strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ee\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> dry\/pregnant <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e8\u099f\u09bf\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0995\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8. \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7&nbsp;<strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0993<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> margin<\/strong><strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u2013\u09e7: \u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u00d7 \u09ed \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09eb\u09ec<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7: \u09eb\u09ec \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ec\u09ee\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ee\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af, \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8\u09b8\u09b9 \u09b8\u09ac \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u2013\u09e8: \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u00d7 \u09e7\u09e8 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09ef\u09ec<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7:\u09ef\u09ec \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ee\u09ee\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ed\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ee\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u2013\u09e9: \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u00d7 \u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7\u09e8\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7: \u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09ad\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\/\u09ae\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09a8\/\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2014&nbsp;<strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u098f\u099f\u09bf&nbsp;<strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u098f\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> gr<\/strong><strong>oss milk revenue<\/strong><strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e9. \u098f\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac: \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a4 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc feed cost-\u0995\u09c7 milk production-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7; \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 feed cost \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09eb\u09ee\u2013\u09ed\u09e8 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u0982\u09b6 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 BLRI Napier-3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09a6 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc,&nbsp;<strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0997\u099b\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e6 \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0998\u09be\u09b8 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ration formulation \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ee\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> lactating cow:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09e9\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\/\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u00d7 \u09ee \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09ed\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> dry\/pregnant cow:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09e7\u09eb\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\/\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u00d7 \u09e8 \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09ef<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u0986\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u2014<strong>\u09ee\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf illustrative model\u2014\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 feed ingredient, \u0998\u09be\u09b8, \u0996\u09a1\u09bc, silage \u0993 concentrate-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ea. \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a6\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u0997\u09a6 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09ae\u09ac\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 family labour-\u098f\u09b0\u0993 opportunity cost \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014&nbsp;<strong>\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc: \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ee\u09e7,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 + \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6, =&nbsp;<strong>\u09ef\u09ec<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09eb. \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u0995\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09c3\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b6\u0995,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mastitis treatment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fever\/diarrhoea,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>metabolic disorder,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hoof problem,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>veterinarian visit,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc reserve \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014<strong>\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e8 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09e7\u09e6\u2013\u09e8\u09e6 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0993 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ec. \u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8 \u0993 reproductive cost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09b0\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u2014AI, heat detection, pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive treatment \u098f\u09ac\u0982 repeat breeding-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 reserve\u2014<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Repeat breeding \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 milk-pocket \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 reproductive inefficiency \u0993 repeat breeding-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ed. \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u2014\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa, fan, light, milking equipment \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce, \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09a8\u09be\u09b6\u0995, detergent, rope, bucket \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u0996\u09be\u099f\u09cb \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09ea<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ee. \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0998\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 shed \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 shed-\u098f\u09b0 depreciation, repair \u0993 maintenance \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014<strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ef. \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8, \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u09ae\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997, \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3, \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u0996\u09be\u099f\u09cb \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 miscellaneous expense \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014<strong>\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09e6. \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09a4?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a4<\/td><td>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\/\u09ae\u09be\u09b8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af<\/td><td>\u09ee\u09e7,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae<\/td><td>\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/td><td>\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09a8\/AI<\/td><td>\u09e8,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce-\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf<\/td><td>\u09ea,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0998\u09b0\/\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 depreciation \u0993 maintenance<\/td><td>\u09e9,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af<\/td><td>\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u09ae\u09cb\u099f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u2014<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 operating surplus:&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> \u2013 <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e9\u09ed<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09e7. \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u0993 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09e7\u09eb\u2013\u09e8\u09e6 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u099c\u09ae\u09bf, shed, fodder cultivation, milking equipment, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u2014<strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09a6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09be<\/strong><strong> opportunity cost<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098b\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 loan interest\/\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0993 cash-flow-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u09e7,\u09e9\u09ed,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be operating surplus \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u201c\u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u201d \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09e8. \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u2014\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 Dry \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u0986\u099c \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 dry \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09eb \u00d7 \u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09ed\u09eb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a5\u099a \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae, shed \u098f\u09ac\u0982 management-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 profitability \u098f\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u09e7\u09e8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 cash-flow \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09e9. \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cb \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u2014\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f production\/operating cost =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u099f operating profit =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc revenue: \u09e7,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 + \u09e7,\u09e6\u09e6,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u2014\u09e8,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u00f7 \u09ec\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09ee\u09e9<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8:\u09e9,\u09eb\u09ee\u09e9 \u00f7 \u09e9\u09e6 \u2248&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7\u09e7\u09ef<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong>\u09ea<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u2014\u09e7\u09e7\u09ef.\u09ea \u00f7 \u09ee\u2248&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7\u09ea<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong>\u09ef<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u098f\u0987 simplified model \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0&nbsp;<strong>\u09ee\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u0995\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09eb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong>\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u2014\u09e8,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u00f7 \u09ed\u09e6\u2248&nbsp;<strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09ed\u09e7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u2248 \u09e7\u09e6\u09e8.\u09ea \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0964 \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u2014\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e7\u09e8.\u09ee \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\/\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\/\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09ea. \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u0995\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf: \u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09ec\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09ec<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u09c7:\u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09ed\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u2014<strong>\u09e9\u09ec<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u098f\u0995\u0987, \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u098f\u0995\u0987, \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u0987\u2014\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 marketing channel \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e9\u09ec \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf revenue \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0993 farm-gate milk price \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u0995 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 channel-\u098f \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf profitability-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09eb. \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb&nbsp;<strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09ab\u09b2\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0998\u09be\u09b8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae<\/strong><strong> ration <\/strong><strong>\u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/strong>BLRI-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u0997\u09cd\u09a7 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 year-round fodder production model-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ec\u09ec \u09b6\u09a4\u0995 \u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 perennial \u0993 seasonal fodder \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 Milk, calf \u0993 manure-\u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 \u09ec\u09ec \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> + <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac<\/strong><strong> fodder production <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7<\/strong><strong> feed cost <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09ec. \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u0995\u09ae \u0996\u09b0\u099a\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09e7\u09ee \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 concentrate \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09e7\u09e9\u2013\u09e7\u09ea \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 efficient cow-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<strong>Feed cost per litre of milk<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u09ac\u0982&nbsp;<strong>Total cost per litre of milk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 cooperative model farm \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc model farm-\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u099c\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09e9\u09ec.\u09ea\u09ea \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 traditional farm-\u098f \u09e9\u09ef.\u09ea\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0993 production cost \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0; \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u2014<strong>\u09af\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09ae<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09b0\u099a\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u0995\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09c7\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09ed. \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09a4<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/strong><strong> genetics<\/strong><strong>\u0964<\/strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u099a\u09b2\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 verified milk production, udder, teat, reproductive history, previous lactation \u098f\u09ac\u0982 health status \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u09ee\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 dry \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 cash flow \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af planned breeding \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0998\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09b8\u09ac roughage \u0993 green fodder \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;Farm-gate \u098f\u09ac\u0982 direct consumer price-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09ae\u09a4<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u09b0\u09cb\u0997<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0993<\/strong><strong> reproduction <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;Mastitis, repeat breeding, milk fever, ketosis, lameness \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 calving interval profitability \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09ee. \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ea\u2013\u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09eb\u2013\u09ee \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09ac \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0995\u09ae \u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09ad\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 repeat breeding \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mastitis \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098b\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a6 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 selection \u09b9\u09af\u09bc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 feed cost-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7\u09ef. \u0997\u09cb\u09ac\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0\u2014\u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0993 \u0986\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u2014<strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09cb\u09ac\u09b0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> biogas<\/strong><strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 dairy profitability \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 milk-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf manure, calf \u09ac\u09be inventory value \u09ae\u09cb\u099f return-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u09e7\u09e8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 average return \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09e6. \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u2014\u201c\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc \u09e8 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u09eb\u09e8 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964\u201d\u0995\u09a5\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u2014<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0996<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u2014\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u2260 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014<strong>\u09ae\u09cb\u099f<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> \u2013 <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09cb\u099f<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 depreciation, family labour, capital cost \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality\/replacement risk-\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09e7. \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf Stress Test<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09e7\u09e8 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7:\u09ee \u00d7 \u09e7\u09e8 =&nbsp;<strong>\u09ef\u09ec<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc:\u09ef\u09ec \u00d7 \u09e9\u09e6 \u00d7 \u09ed\u09e6=&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 illustrative \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09e7,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 surplus:<strong>\u09ee\u09ec<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0&nbsp;<strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09ae\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 surplus \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 feed cost-\u0993 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u099f\u09bf sensitivity \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09e8. \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09a6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f = \u09e7\u09e8\u09e6 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\/\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u09c7 revenue =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09eb\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0 \u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u2014Revenue =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09ec<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09e7,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 surplus:&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09eb\u09eb \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u2014Revenue =&nbsp;<strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09ef\u09ee<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surplus:&nbsp;<strong>\u09ee\u09e9<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac&nbsp;<strong>milk price-sensitive<\/strong>\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09e9. Break-even \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e9,\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6 \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 illustrative monthly operating cost \u09e7,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2 operating break-even cost:\u09e7,\u09e7\u09eb,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u00f7 \u09e9,\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6\u2248&nbsp;<strong>\u09e9\u09e7<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong>\u09ef\u09ea<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 economic cost \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a7\u09a8, \u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 opportunity cost, replacement, financing \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 break-even price \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0&nbsp;<strong>Cost of Production per Litre<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09ea. \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7 dairy farming-\u098f\u09b0 profitability \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e7\u09e8.\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\/\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\/\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u0995 net return \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09e8.\u09e7\u09ed BCR \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 small-scale dairy value-chain \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 net return \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e9,\u09e7\u09ec\u09eb.\u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 crossbred \u0993 local cow \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc crossbred \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 profitability \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 feed cost-\u0993 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf; \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc feed, veterinary service, grazing land \u0993 milk price-\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 constraint \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0995 \u0995\u09aa\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7&nbsp;<strong>cost structure <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> profitability-<\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09eb. \u09e7\u09e6 \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09c0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1\u2014<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0996<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09ac<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf KPI \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong>. Milk\/cow\/day<\/strong><br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8<\/strong><strong>. Feed cost\/cow\/day<\/strong><br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e9<\/strong><strong>. Feed cost\/litre milk<\/strong><br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u09b0\u099a\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09ea<\/strong><strong>. Total cost\/litre milk<\/strong><br>\u09b8\u09ac \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09eb<\/strong><strong>. Net margin\/litre milk<\/strong><br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 conception rate, calving interval, mastitis incidence \u098f\u09ac\u0982 mortality-\u0993 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09ec. \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u2014\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0996, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0995\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2, \u0995\u09a4 concentrate \u0996\u09c7\u09b2, \u09ae\u09cb\u099f feed cost \u0995\u09a4, \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u0995\u09a4 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09a4 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb breeding\/AI expense \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u2014\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Least-cost ration formulation-\u0993 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 BLRI FeedMaster \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc ration \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc milk yield \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 feed quantity \u0993 feed cost \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09ed. \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 illustrative model-\u098f \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e7\u09e9\u2013\u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc, \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09ec\u09e6\u2013\u09ed\u09e6 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf operating profit \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u2014\u09ee\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7, \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u09e7\u09eb \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ee \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7, feed cost \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09ae \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09a4\u09cb \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0993 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09ee. \u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong>; <\/strong><strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u098f\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0993<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b8\u09c7\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u098f\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u0987<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u099b\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb, \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad&nbsp;<strong>\u098f\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> peak lactation <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u09e8\u09ef. \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09a5\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0996<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong>\u201d <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u098f\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u0993<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a4\u0996\u09a8\u0987, \u09af\u0996\u09a8\u2014\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0997\u09be\u09ad\u09c0 + \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 + \u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af + \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac \u0998\u09be\u09b8 + \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb reproduction + \u0995\u09ae \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 + \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae + \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 + \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u2014\u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u0987\u2014<strong>\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 feeding, breeding \u0993 marketing-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09e8\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u2014<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09c1<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09e7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b2\u09be\u0996<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09ac<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09bf<\/strong><strong>?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 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<\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong><strong>?\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7&nbsp;<strong>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>&nbsp;\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2-500x280.jpg 500w, https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Can-10-Cows-Earn-100000-Taka-Monthly-2.jpg 1672w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u09e7. Alam et al. (2022),&nbsp;IJARIT&nbsp;\u2014 Dairy Farm Profitability.<br>\u09e8. Akter et al. (2020),&nbsp;JBAU&nbsp;\u2014 Milk Production &amp; Cost.<br>\u09e9. Sarker et al. (2019),&nbsp;BJLR&nbsp;\u2014 Fodder &amp; Dairy Production.<br>\u09ea. Rahman et al.,&nbsp;SAARC Journal of Agriculture&nbsp;\u2014 Dairy Value Chain.<br>\u09eb. Mondal et al.,&nbsp;Journal of Science Foundation&nbsp;\u2014 Local &amp; Crossbred Dairy Cow Economics.<br>\u09ec.&nbsp;<strong>BLRI<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Dairy Nutrition, Fodder &amp; Farm Economics Research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u2014\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac? \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7, \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u0964\u0964 \u09a1. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ae\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u0964\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c7\u0987\u09b0\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u2014\u201c\u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964\u201d&nbsp;\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u0993 \u0996\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a6\u09be\u09ac\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09b6\u09cb\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[738,731],"tags":[4234,4211,4213,26,636,682,3907,4235,4228,4231,3162,2123,25,130,2939,4229,4236,4233,2200,3788,4226,4220,4214,4217,4227,3144,4212,4210,4223,4216,4215,4221,4232,4224,4219,4222,4230,3899,3986,4218,4225],"class_list":["post-7781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-caw","category-animal-resources","tag-10-cow-dairy-farm","tag-4211","tag-4213","tag-agriculture","tag-agriculture-news","tag-agriculturenews24-com","tag-bangladesh","tag-cattle-farming-business","tag-dairy-farm-business","tag-dairy-farm-income","tag-dairy-farm-profit","tag-dairy-news","tag-farm","tag-farming","tag-livestock","tag-milk-production-cost","tag-profitable-dairy-farming","tag-small-dairy-farm","tag-2200","tag-3788","tag-4226","tag-4220","tag-4214","tag-4217","tag-4227","tag-3144","tag-4212","tag-4210","tag-4223","tag-4216","tag-4215","tag-4221","tag-4232","tag-4224","tag-4219","tag-4222","tag-4230","tag-3899","tag-3986","tag-4218","tag-4225"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7781"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7786,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7781\/revisions\/7786"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agriculturenews24.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}