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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Keys to Profitable Broiler and Sonali Farming: Quality Feed, Proper Management and Accurate Records<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A Research-Based Report by Dr. Bayezid Moral<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite using good-quality feed, some farmers fail to achieve the expected weight in their chickens. Meanwhile, a neighbouring farmer may obtain better results with similar chicks and feed. Why does this difference occur?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poultry performance depends on much more than feed quality. Chick quality, care during the first week, temperature, water supply, ventilation, litter condition, disease prevention and daily supervision all work together. A weakness in any one area can prevent birds from gaining the full benefit of good feed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For broiler and Sonali farming, two questions\u2014\u201cHow many bags of feed were used?\u201d and \u201cHow big did the chickens grow?\u201d\u2014are therefore insufficient. Farmers also need to know how long the birds took to reach that weight, how much feed was consumed, how many birds died and how much money remained after all expenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This report brings together indicative feeding and production figures, recognised technical management guidance and practical calculations to provide a monitoring framework for farmers. The figures are planning references rather than guaranteed results. Actual performance can vary with breed, environment and management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Broilers and Sonali Chickens: Different Production Goals, Different Profit Calculations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Broilers are raised for rapid meat production. Sonali chickens grow more slowly and take longer to reach market weight. However, faster growth does not automatically mean higher profit, and a higher selling price does not guarantee profitability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chart 1: Comparative Production Indicators<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Item<\/th>Broiler<\/th>Sonali<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Growth pattern<\/td>Rapid<\/td>Relatively slow<\/td><\/tr>
Indicative rearing period for planning<\/td>Approximately 30\u201335 days<\/td>Approximately 45\u201360 days<\/td><\/tr>
Final age in the production charts below<\/td>35 days<\/td>56 days<\/td><\/tr>
Indicative average live weight at that age<\/td>2,282 grams<\/td>1,195 grams<\/td><\/tr>
Indicative cumulative feed intake at that age<\/td>3,259 grams per bird<\/td>2,456 grams per bird<\/td><\/tr>
Main economic considerations<\/td>Rapid growth, feed efficiency and selling price<\/td>Longer rearing period, feed efficiency and higher selling price<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A shorter broiler production cycle may allow farmers to raise more batches each year. Sonali farming ties up housing, labour and capital for longer. These time-related costs must also be included in the profit calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weigh Birds Every Week\u2014Do Not Rely on Visual Estimates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Birds appearing large and birds achieving a satisfactory average weight are two different things. Without regular weighing, growth shortfalls may remain unnoticed until shortly before sale, when there is little time to make corrections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chart 2: Age-Based Broiler Weight and Feed Intake<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Age<\/th>Indicative average live weight\u2014grams per bird<\/th>Cumulative feed intake\u2014grams per bird<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
At placement<\/td>44<\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
1 week<\/td>201<\/td>158<\/td><\/tr>
2 weeks<\/td>510<\/td>539<\/td><\/tr>
3 weeks<\/td>948<\/td>1,177<\/td><\/tr>
4 weeks<\/td>1,563<\/td>2,086<\/td><\/tr>
5 weeks<\/td>2,282<\/td>3,259<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chart 3: Age-Based Sonali Weight and Feed Intake<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Age<\/th>Indicative average live weight\u2014grams per bird<\/th>Cumulative feed intake\u2014grams per bird<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
At placement<\/td>35<\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
1 week<\/td>122<\/td>121.9<\/td><\/tr>
2 weeks<\/td>244<\/td>308.8<\/td><\/tr>
3 weeks<\/td>380<\/td>521.5<\/td><\/tr>
4 weeks<\/td>573<\/td>791.2<\/td><\/tr>
5 weeks<\/td>711<\/td>1,121<\/td><\/tr>
6 weeks<\/td>852<\/td>1,537<\/td><\/tr>
7 weeks<\/td>1,043<\/td>1,976<\/td><\/tr>
8 weeks<\/td>1,195<\/td>2,456<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How to use these charts:<\/strong> These figures represent an indicative performance pattern. They should be compared with current performance targets for the specific breed and with actual farm results. Feed intake is cumulative up to the stated age, rather than daily consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Each week, farmers should weigh a representative sample of birds from different parts of the house. Selecting only larger birds will overstate the flock\u2019s average weight. Differences between smaller and larger birds should also be monitored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If weight falls below expectations, farmers should examine water availability, temperature, ventilation, signs of disease and access to feeders, alongside feed quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Does Good-Quality Feed Mean?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When choosing good-quality feed available in the market<\/strong>, brand recognition alone is insufficient. Farmers should consider its suitability for the birds\u2019 age and type, declared nutrient composition, manufacturing date, storage condition and actual farm performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chart 4: An Indicative Nutrient Profile for Different Feeding Stages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Nutrient or characteristic<\/th>Broiler starter<\/th>Broiler grower<\/th>Broiler finisher<\/th>Sonali starter<\/th>Sonali grower<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Feed form<\/td>Crumble<\/td>Pellet<\/td>Pellet<\/td>Crumble<\/td>Pellet<\/td><\/tr>
Moisture\u2014maximum, %<\/td>12<\/td>12<\/td>12<\/td>12<\/td>12<\/td><\/tr>
Crude protein\u2014minimum, %<\/td>22<\/td>21<\/td>20<\/td>21<\/td>20<\/td><\/tr>
Fat\u2014minimum, %<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td>4<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
Crude fibre\u2014maximum, %<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td>5<\/td><\/tr>
Ash\u2014maximum, %<\/td>9<\/td>9<\/td>9<\/td>9<\/td>9<\/td><\/tr>
Calcium\u2014minimum, %<\/td>1<\/td>1<\/td>0.95<\/td>1<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
Phosphorus\u2014minimum, %<\/td>0.45<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.4<\/td><\/tr>
Use period in this example feeding programme<\/td>Days 1\u201314<\/td>Days 15\u201322<\/td>Day 23 to sale<\/td>Days 1\u201328<\/td>Day 29 to sale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Explanation of the nutrient figures:<\/strong> This is an example feeding programme, rather than a universal nutritional requirement. Nutrient composition and recommended feeding periods can vary among good-quality commercial feeds. The distinction between total and available phosphorus is also important. Farmers should follow the product label and nutritional guidance for the specific breed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When receiving feed, farmers should check whether bags are intact and whether the feed has an unusual smell, mould, excessive moisture or lumps. Bags should be stored on pallets in a dry place, and older stock should be used first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protein percentage alone does not fully establish feed quality. Energy, amino acids, mineral balance and the birds\u2019 ability to utilise the feed also influence production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feed Conversion: How Much Output Is Obtained from Feed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The feed conversion ratio, or FCR<\/strong>, is an important indicator of feed-use efficiency. However, the calculation method must be clearly stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Live-sale-weight-based ratio = Total feed used \u00f7 Total live weight sold.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When calculating feed conversion against weight gain, the chicks\u2019 initial weight must be deducted. Any adjustment for mortality should also be explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using the final-age figures in the production charts gives the following simple ratios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bird type<\/th>Calculation<\/th>Feed-to-live-weight ratio<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Broiler\u201435 days<\/td>3,259 \u00f7 2,282<\/td>Approximately 1.43<\/td><\/tr>
Sonali\u201456 days<\/td>2,456 \u00f7 1,195<\/td>Approximately 2.06<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

These ratios have not been adjusted for actual farm mortality or feed wastage. They should therefore not be treated as guaranteed flock FCR results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adequate feed intake during the first week and effective brooding management are important for subsequent performance, as highlighted in Cobb\u2019s technical guidance. www.cobbgenetics.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mistakes During the First Week Can Affect the Entire Batch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before chicks arrive, the house should be clean, dry and warmed appropriately. Feed and water should be positioned so that chicks can find them easily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aviagen\u2019s Ross management guidance gives an initial air temperature of approximately 30\u00b0C for whole-house brooding and approximately 32\u00b0C at the edge of a spot brooder. Temperature should be adjusted according to the brooding system and chick behaviour. aa-intl.aviagen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chick behaviour<\/th>Possible explanation<\/th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Huddling beneath the heat source<\/td>Chicks may be cold<\/td>Check temperature and cold draughts<\/td><\/tr>
Moving away from the heat source and panting<\/td>Chicks may be too hot<\/td>Check heat, ventilation and water<\/td><\/tr>
Gathering on one side of the house<\/td>Draughts or uneven conditions<\/td>Check airflow and heat distribution<\/td><\/tr>
Spreading evenly while eating and drinking<\/td>Conditions are relatively comfortable<\/td>Continue monitoring<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Thermometer readings are necessary, but chick behaviour must also be observed. A temperature reading from one location cannot describe conditions throughout the house.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clean Water and Dry Litter Are Essential for Good Performance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Insufficient water supply can affect feed intake. Drinkers and water lines should therefore be checked daily. Recording daily water consumption helps identify unusual changes promptly. International management guidance also emphasises keeping these records. ross-na.aviagen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adding fresh rice husk alone does not solve wet-litter problems. Farmers need to identify the underlying cause, such as leaking water lines, overflowing drinkers, inadequate ventilation or abnormal droppings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wet patches should be removed, dry litter added where necessary and water-system faults corrected. If disinfectants are used on litter while birds are present, the product\u2019s approval and safety instructions must be checked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disease Prevention Requires Daily Discipline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Biosecurity involves more than placing a footbath at the farm entrance. A dirty footbath solution, or one that is not replaced as instructed, may fail to provide the expected protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dedicated farm footwear and clothing, restricted visitor access, rodent and wild-bird control, and clean equipment are necessary. Where practical, keeping birds of the same age in one house and emptying the entire batch together can support effective management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before establishing a vaccination programme, farmers should consider hatchery vaccination records, local disease conditions and the vaccine products being used. Vaccination and necessary treatment should be managed with advice from a registered veterinarian. Withdrawal periods must also be observed when medicines are used before sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feed Planning and Cost Changes for 1,000 Birds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The indicative production charts can be used to prepare an initial feed plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Item<\/th>Broiler\u201435 days<\/th>Sonali\u201456 days<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Cumulative feed per bird<\/td>3.259 kg<\/td>2.456 kg<\/td><\/tr>
Total feed for 1,000 birds<\/td>3,259 kg<\/td>2,456 kg<\/td><\/tr>
Equivalent number of 50 kg bags<\/td>Approximately 65.2 bags<\/td>Approximately 49.1 bags<\/td><\/tr>
Additional cost if feed rises by BDT 1 per kg<\/td>BDT 3,259<\/td>BDT 2,456<\/td><\/tr>
Additional cost if feed rises by BDT 5 per kg<\/td>BDT 16,295<\/td>BDT 12,280<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This calculation assumes that all birds consume the indicated quantity of feed up to the stated age. Actual requirements will vary with mortality, wastage, weather and growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even a small increase in feed price can substantially affect the cost of a large batch. However, choosing feed solely because it is cheaper can be costly if growth declines or more feed is required per kilogram of output. The relevant measure is the total cost of producing one kilogram of live chicken<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Include the Value of Your Own Labour When Calculating Profit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cash remaining after selling a batch is not necessarily all profit. In addition to chicks, feed and medicines, farmers must deduct electricity, fuel, litter, transport, labour and the cost of using housing and equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Batch profit = Total sales revenue \u2212 Total production and marketing costs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Information to record<\/th>Why it matters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Number of chicks and purchase price<\/td>Establishes the initial investment<\/td><\/tr>
Daily feed use<\/td>Tracks feed cost and efficiency<\/td><\/tr>
Water use, mortality and illness<\/td>Helps identify unusual changes<\/td><\/tr>
Weekly average weight<\/td>Measures growth progress<\/td><\/tr>
Labour and other expenses<\/td>Establishes the true production cost<\/td><\/tr>
Number sold, total live weight and selling price<\/td>Establishes actual revenue<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No single feed or medicine is sufficient to improve profitability in broiler and Sonali farming. Good-quality feed available in the market must be combined with quality chicks, safe water, a comfortable environment, disease prevention and regular recordkeeping. Farmers who use their own records to identify problems and make timely corrections are better placed to improve production and understand the causes of losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/strong> Aviagen, Ross Broiler Management Handbook, 2025<\/em>; Cobb Genetics, Maximizing Broiler Performance<\/em>. Production and feeding figures are used as indicative planning data and are not presented as independently verified field-trial results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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