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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

When Will Northern Bangladesh\u2019s Fruits and Vegetables Reach Global Markets? Farmers Await Cargo Facilities at Saidpur Airport<\/mark><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Flights must be supported by proper storage, safe production, confirmed buyers and fair prices for farmers<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A research-based report by agricultural journalist Dr. Bayezid Moral<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The harvest has been good. Yellow and dark-green watermelons are arranged in front of a farmer. The fruits look attractive and reflect growing diversity in agricultural production. Yet behind this success lies a difficult question: is the farmer receiving the price he expected? Why must produce associated with promising overseas markets ultimately be sold locally, leaving its grower disappointed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An account concerning a watermelon grower in Panchagarh brings this question into focus. It describes expectations of exporting watermelons to Japan, Brunei and South Korea that did not materialise. The farmer reportedly sold the fruit in the local market and expressed frustration. The stated overseas prices, local selling prices and possible purchase arrangements could not be independently verified. Nevertheless, the account raises an important question for northern Bangladesh\u2019s agricultural economy: are efforts to develop markets keeping pace with efforts to increase production?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calls for agricultural cargo facilities at Saidpur Airport are closely connected to this issue. However, a cargo aircraft alone cannot deliver a farmer\u2019s produce to an overseas buyer. What is needed is a functioning system that connects farms with international markets, preserves quality, controls costs and ensures that farmers receive a fair share of the returns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Production Potential Needs Stronger Market Connections<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Rangpur Division offers opportunities to expand businesses involving fruits, vegetables and processed foods. Potatoes, seasonal vegetables, mangoes, lychees and newer fruit varieties provide possible starting points. Before making major investments, however, planners need to establish which products are grown in each district, in what quantities, during which seasons and to what export standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The supplied account claims that Rangpur Division produces approximately 60 percent of the country\u2019s agricultural and food products. This figure cannot be accepted without reliable official statistics. Claims that only this division produces four crops a year, or that all its fruits can easily be exported, also require verification against local conditions, cropping systems and market requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northern Bangladesh\u2019s agricultural potential does not need exaggerated statistics to justify attention. It needs accurate, product-specific information: production volumes, seasonal supply, farmgate prices and the quantities that lose market opportunities because of transport or storage constraints. These figures should form the foundation of an export strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Low Farmgate Prices Do Not Automatically Mean Profitable Exports<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When vegetable prices collapse during the peak season, a familiar question arises: why are these products not being exported? Farmers receive low prices while overseas prices appear much higher, making the difference seem like an easy business opportunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But an overseas retail price and a Bangladeshi farmgate price represent different stages of the supply chain. Retail prices include freight, importers\u2019 costs, warehousing, local distribution, taxes, spoilage risks and business margins. Before the produce even leaves Bangladesh, exporters must also pay for sorting, packaging, testing, certification and cargo transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the possibility of a fruit selling abroad for five dollars per kilogram does not mean the farmer will receive that amount. It must first be established whether the figure refers to a farmgate price, an exporter\u2019s selling price or a foreign shop\u2019s retail price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For farmers, the essential question is how much their income will increase after all costs have been accounted for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Post-Harvest Losses Are Real, but Their Scale Must Be Measured Carefully<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Losses after harvesting are a major weakness in Bangladesh\u2019s agricultural supply chains. However, claims in the supplied account that 40 percent of produce is wasted, or that 50 percent is lost while travelling to Dhaka, should not be applied to every crop or shipment. Losses vary according to the product, season, distance, packaging and storage conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Bangladesh case study by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific identifies inadequate cold storage, a lack of specialised transport, insufficient port facilities and weak trade governance as important causes of food loss in fruit and vegetable trade. The problem therefore extends well beyond production on the farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reducing waste means more than saving individual fruits. When produce is lost, the farmer\u2019s labour, irrigation water, fertiliser, land use and transport expenditure are also wasted. Increasing the quantity that can be sold from an existing harvest offers a way to improve income without necessarily expanding cultivated land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quality Can Begin to Deteriorate Immediately After Harvest<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Where produce is placed after harvesting, how it is sorted and what containers are used for transport all affect its eventual quality. Exposure to direct sunlight, compression damage and contact with the ground can undermine the condition of fruits and vegetables. Putting damaged produce into better packaging later cannot fully reverse the earlier deterioration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A study covering 30 selected upazilas in Bangladesh interviewed 515 farmers and 295 traders. It found that more than 41 percent of farmers placed harvested produce directly on the ground under open sunlight. More than 56 percent of farmers and traders used jute or nylon sacks to package fresh fruits and vegetables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These findings describe the surveyed locations rather than an identical situation throughout Bangladesh. They nevertheless provide important evidence of handling weaknesses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

An export system centred on Saidpur should therefore begin close to the farms, with collection points, shaded sorting areas and containers appropriate for each product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why Is Saidpur Being Considered?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Air transport facilities closer to production areas could reduce some of the burden of moving perishable goods over long distances to Dhaka. If export procedures can begin quickly after collection, there may also be opportunities to preserve freshness. This is the economic reasoning behind interest in agricultural cargo operations at Saidpur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The actual benefits would depend on the distance between farms and the airport, road conditions, flight schedules, loading arrangements and overseas destinations. Sending produce from Saidpur to Dhaka for onward international transport would involve one set of costs. Direct international services would involve another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The information available for this report does not establish the current approval status, operating schedule or implementation stage of international agricultural cargo services at Saidpur. It would therefore be premature to claim that such services have begun or will start on a particular date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Does a Cargo-Ready Airport Require?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An airport\u2019s ability to handle passenger flights does not mean it already has every facility required for international agricultural exports. Cargo operations need systems for receiving goods, weighing them, conducting security checks, providing temporary storage and loading shipments efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Customs and plant quarantine services are also essential for international consignments. If produce spends hours waiting in a warm environment, much of the advantage of having an airport near production areas may disappear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planning for Saidpur must therefore go beyond runway facilities and aircraft movements. It should determine which aircraft can operate safely, how much cargo can be handled each day and how the necessary personnel and services will be provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without coordination among the responsible institutions, physical infrastructure may be built without producing a reliable export service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Broken Cold Chain Can Undermine the Benefits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A cold chain involves more than a refrigerated warehouse. It includes removing field heat where appropriate and maintaining suitable conditions during storage, road transport and waiting periods at the airport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Different products require different conditions. A storage system designed for potatoes should not automatically be considered suitable for every fruit or vegetable. Facilities must be selected according to the product, and workers need training in their proper use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FAO research on South Asian horticultural supply chains, including Bangladesh, documents how appropriate technologies, improved practices and training can help maintain quality and reduce post-harvest losses. Its broader lesson is that infrastructure and handling practices must improve together. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northern Bangladesh could consider a connected network of collection centres, suitably designed cold rooms and airport storage facilities. Responsibilities and service charges should be clear at every stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which Products Would Be Profitable to Transport by Air?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Air freight will not be equally economical for every agricultural product. Initial trials should focus on products that command relatively high prices, deteriorate quickly and have confirmed demand from specific buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For heavy fruits such as watermelons, freight charges calculated by weight can have a substantial effect on profitability. A specialised variety, seasonal advantage or clearly identified premium market may create an opportunity. That opportunity must nevertheless be tested against a written purchase agreement and actual transport costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For potatoes and other comparatively low-value products, road or sea transport should also be assessed. The fastest route to a foreign market is not necessarily the route that gives farmers the best return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The objective should be to choose the most suitable transport method for each product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Export Destinations Must Be Matched with Confirmed Buyers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Japan, South Korea, Brunei, the Middle East and Europe may all appear on lists of potential markets. However, opportunities differ by product and destination. Buyers may have different requirements for size, quality, packaging, delivery schedules and import approvals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before farmers are encouraged to produce for export, it must be clear who will buy the goods, in what quantities and under which conditions. Other essential questions include whether samples have been accepted, how prices will be determined and when payment will be made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If farmers expand production based only on expectations, additional supplies may eventually place pressure on the local market when exports fail to materialise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buyer verification and written contracts should therefore precede export-oriented production. A farmer\u2019s investment should not depend entirely on verbal assurances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safe Production and Certification Must Begin at Farm Level<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Attractive produce alone is not sufficient for export. Farmers need records of pesticide use, application dates, harvest timing, hygiene practices and pest management. A system should also identify the farm or field from which each batch originated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to official information from Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, the export of plants and plant products requires a phytosanitary certificate issued by the competent authority. Certification must address the plant-health requirements of the importing country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A phytosanitary certificate and pesticide-residue testing serve different purposes. Additional requirements may apply depending on the product and destination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farmers therefore need guidance before production and harvesting. Attempting to meet every requirement only after a crop has been collected increases the risk of delays, rejection and financial loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Much of the Export Return Will Reach Farmers?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Higher exports do not automatically produce higher farmer incomes. Farmers\u2019 benefits depend on purchase prices, weighing practices, quality assessments and payment arrangements. An exporter may secure a favourable overseas price while the farmer continues to receive a low price if the agreement does not protect the producer\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suppose a shipment begins with one thousand kilograms of fruit. Some may fail to meet export specifications during sorting, and further losses may occur before delivery. The entire cost of purchasing, packaging and transporting the shipment must then be recovered from the quantity that remains saleable. This is an illustration of the accounting process, not an estimate of actual loss rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Every proposed shipment should have a transparent profit-and-loss calculation, with the farmer\u2019s return shown separately. Contracts should also specify who bears the loss if export arrangements fail and who has the authority to reject produce on quality grounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Processing Can Provide an Alternative Market<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Not every fruit will qualify for fresh export. Differences in size or superficial appearance may reduce the fresh-market value of produce that is still safe and suitable for consumption. With appropriate technology and confirmed buyers, some of this produce may be suitable for processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Product-specific opportunities could include jackfruit segments, mango pulp, frozen vegetables and dried fruits. However, processing must never be used to market spoiled or unsafe raw materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Processing businesses also need hygienic facilities, reliable electricity, quality testing, appropriate packaging and established customers. Purchasing machinery alone does not guarantee commercial success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planning fresh exports and processing together could give farmers more than one route to market and reduce dependence on a single buyer or sales channel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Start with Small, Measurable Trial Shipments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An agricultural export initiative centred on Saidpur should begin with evidence rather than large income promises. Trial shipments could involve a small number of selected products, organised producer groups and verified overseas buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The trials should record the time taken from collection to delivery, storage and transport temperatures, product losses and total costs. Buyer complaints and farmers\u2019 actual earnings should also be documented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results should be compared with existing transport arrangements through Dhaka. Trials can reveal how much time a Saidpur-based service saves and whether those benefits outweigh any additional expense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the results demonstrate reliable demand and commercial viability, operations can then expand gradually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Clear Public Action Plan Is Needed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

If Saidpur Airport is to be considered an agricultural cargo centre, the responsible public institutions should present a clear action plan. It should explain the feasibility assessment, approvals, infrastructure needs, airline interest and opportunities for private investment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agricultural agencies would need to support production and quality preparation, aviation authorities would need to assess airport capability, and relevant institutions would need to arrange export services. Farmers and investors should know what remains unresolved and what the next steps are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Success should not be measured only by the construction of buildings or the launch of flights. Evaluation should also examine whether farmers receive better prices, losses decline and the service remains commercially sustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The watermelons arranged beside a farmer represent productive capacity. His disappointment highlights the limitations of the market system. Both realities must be addressed if northern Bangladesh\u2019s agriculture is to advance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The discussion about cargo facilities at Saidpur should ultimately answer one question: will farmers\u2019 produce reach suitable markets on time, and will the benefits of those markets return to their households?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answering that question requires a verified plan, functioning infrastructure and business arrangements that protect farmers\u2019 interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources: FAO research on post-harvest management; ESCAP\u2019s Bangladesh trade and food-loss analysis; and official airport information on plant quarantine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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